{"id":493,"date":"2026-06-02T15:10:26","date_gmt":"2026-06-02T13:10:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/perso.uclouvain.be\/corentin.claeys\/?page_id=493"},"modified":"2026-06-02T15:10:26","modified_gmt":"2026-06-02T13:10:26","slug":"meiotic-crossover-formation","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/perso.uclouvain.be\/corentin.claeys\/research\/meiotic-crossover-formation\/","title":{"rendered":"Crossover formation"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"493\" class=\"elementor elementor-493\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-8195123 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"8195123\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1caa623\" data-id=\"1caa623\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bda4f10 elementor-arrows-position-inside elementor-pagination-position-outside elementor-widget elementor-widget-image-carousel\" data-id=\"bda4f10\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;slides_to_show&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;navigation&quot;:&quot;both&quot;,&quot;autoplay&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;pause_on_hover&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;pause_on_interaction&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;autoplay_speed&quot;:5000,&quot;infinite&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;effect&quot;:&quot;slide&quot;,&quot;speed&quot;:500}\" data-widget_type=\"image-carousel.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-carousel-wrapper swiper\" role=\"region\" aria-roledescription=\"carousel\" 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src=\"https:\/\/perso.uclouvain.be\/corentin.claeys\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Condensate-Model-1024x272.jpg\" alt=\"Figure S8 - Condensate Model\" \/><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"15 of 15\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/perso.uclouvain.be\/corentin.claeys\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Scroll-EMSA-scaled-1-1024x275.jpg\" alt=\"Images for Website\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-swiper-button elementor-swiper-button-prev\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-chevron-left\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M646 125C629 125 613 133 604 142L308 442C296 454 292 471 292 487 292 504 296 521 308 533L604 854C617 867 629 875 646 875 663 875 679 871 692 858 704 846 713 829 713 812 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data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">The mechanism of crossover formation<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-72d217a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"72d217a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6cd431e\" data-id=\"6cd431e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-dce70db elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dce70db\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-227a6e7\" data-id=\"227a6e7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8d138ce elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8d138ce\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>After DSB formation, a broken DNA end invades a homologous sequence which is used as a template to synthesize DNA across the break. A subset of these recombination intermediates mature into double-Holliday junctions (dHJs), which are eventually resolved as crossovers (Figure 6). Other recombination events are repaired through alternative pathways that give primarily non-crossovers.<\/p><p>The specific conversion of dHJs into crossover products implies that the resolution mechanism involves a functional coordination between the two HJ structures. However, the underlying mechanism is mysterious.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-687bdb3\" data-id=\"687bdb3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c882a8e elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"c882a8e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"789\" src=\"https:\/\/perso.uclouvain.be\/corentin.claeys\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Figure-6-Meiotic-Recombination-1024x789.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-723\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/perso.uclouvain.be\/corentin.claeys\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Figure-6-Meiotic-Recombination-1024x789.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/perso.uclouvain.be\/corentin.claeys\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Figure-6-Meiotic-Recombination-300x231.jpg 300w, https:\/\/perso.uclouvain.be\/corentin.claeys\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Figure-6-Meiotic-Recombination-768x592.jpg 768w, https:\/\/perso.uclouvain.be\/corentin.claeys\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Figure-6-Meiotic-Recombination.jpg 1213w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Figure 6: Major pathways of double-strand break repair to form non-crossovers and crossovers.<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-c746432 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c746432\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-a954e3e\" data-id=\"a954e3e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-64f05f6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"64f05f6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The MutL\u03b3 complex, together with its partners MutS\u03b3 and Exo1, is thought to resolve dHJs into crossovers. MutL\u03b3 and MutS\u03b3 are related to mismatch repair (MMR) proteins whose function is to correct errors that arise during DNA replication. During MMR, a MSH heterodimer recognizes a mismatch-containing substrate and recruits a MLH heterodimer, which introduces a single-strand nick (Figure 7A). This provides an entry point for Exo1 that degrades the newly synthesized strand, which allows polymerases to correct the mismatch.<\/p><p>By analogy, it is generally thought that MutS\u03b3 recognizes a recombination intermediate and recruits MutL\u03b3, which introduces DNA nicks that lead to the formation of crossovers (Figure 7B). However, this is more of a conceptual mechanism, and the key activities have not been reconstituted. We have purified MutL\u03b3 and MutS\u03b3 and seek to gain a better understanding of the mechanism of crossover formation.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-29d65d0\" data-id=\"29d65d0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7398227 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"7398227\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1007\" height=\"970\" src=\"https:\/\/perso.uclouvain.be\/corentin.claeys\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Figure-7-Crossover-Formation.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-733\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/perso.uclouvain.be\/corentin.claeys\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Figure-7-Crossover-Formation.jpg 1007w, https:\/\/perso.uclouvain.be\/corentin.claeys\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Figure-7-Crossover-Formation-300x289.jpg 300w, https:\/\/perso.uclouvain.be\/corentin.claeys\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Figure-7-Crossover-Formation-768x740.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1007px) 100vw, 1007px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Figure 7: (A) The mechanism of mismatch repair. (B) Models for crossover formation based on analogy with mismatch repair. The mechanism whereby the recombination structure is resolved to form crossovers is unclear.<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-8001909 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"8001909\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fdcf6d9\" data-id=\"fdcf6d9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4593753 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4593753\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Recombination and the synaptonemal complex<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-145a37b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"145a37b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-ea91f6a\" data-id=\"ea91f6a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-b568e32 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b568e32\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-7d7d3bd\" data-id=\"7d7d3bd\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff806ad elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ff806ad\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Crossover formation happens in the context of the higher-order structure of meiotic chromosomes where the two homologs synapse along their entire length through a nucleoprotein structure called the synaptonemal complex (SC) (Figure 8). There is considerable interplay between recombination and the SC, since many proteins that affect crossover formation affect the SC, and vice versa. We also aim to learn more about these structural and functional relationships.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-7031b90\" data-id=\"7031b90\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5c965fe elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"5c965fe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"972\" height=\"941\" src=\"https:\/\/perso.uclouvain.be\/corentin.claeys\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Figure-8-The-Synaptonemal-Complex.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-743\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/perso.uclouvain.be\/corentin.claeys\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Figure-8-The-Synaptonemal-Complex.jpg 972w, https:\/\/perso.uclouvain.be\/corentin.claeys\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Figure-8-The-Synaptonemal-Complex-300x290.jpg 300w, https:\/\/perso.uclouvain.be\/corentin.claeys\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Figure-8-The-Synaptonemal-Complex-768x744.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 972px) 100vw, 972px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Figure 8: Arrangement of the synaptonemal complex.<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The mechanism of crossover formation After DSB formation, a broken DNA end invades a homologous sequence which is used as a template to synthesize DNA across the break. A subset of these recombination intermediates mature into double-Holliday junctions (dHJs), which are eventually resolved as crossovers (Figure 6). Other recombination events are repaired through alternative pathways [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":83,"menu_order":3,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"ocean_front_end_style_editor":"no","ocean_post_layout":"full-screen","ocean_both_sidebars_style":"","ocean_both_sidebars_content_width":0,"ocean_both_sidebars_sidebars_width":0,"ocean_sidebar":"0","ocean_second_sidebar":"0","ocean_disable_margins":"enable","ocean_add_body_class":"","ocean_shortcode_before_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_after_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_before_header":"","ocean_shortcode_after_header":"","ocean_has_shortcode":"","ocean_shortcode_after_title":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_bottom":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_bottom":"","ocean_display_top_bar":"off","ocean_display_header":"default","ocean_header_style":"","ocean_center_header_left_menu":"0","ocean_custom_header_template":"0","ocean_custom_logo":0,"ocean_custom_retina_logo":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_height":0,"ocean_header_custom_menu":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_family":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_subset":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_size":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_unit":"px","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_line_height":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_unit":"","ocean_menu_typo_spacing":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_unit":"","ocean_menu_link_color":"","ocean_menu_link_color_hover":"","ocean_menu_link_color_active":"","ocean_menu_link_background":"","ocean_menu_link_hover_background":"","ocean_menu_link_active_background":"","ocean_menu_social_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_links_color":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_color":"","ocean_disable_title":"on","ocean_disable_heading":"default","ocean_post_title":"","ocean_post_subheading":"","ocean_post_title_style":"","ocean_post_title_background_color":"","ocean_post_title_background":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_image_position":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_attachment":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_repeat":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_size":"","ocean_post_title_height":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay":0.5,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay_color":"","ocean_disable_breadcrumbs":"default","ocean_breadcrumbs_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_separator_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_hover_color":"","ocean_display_footer_widgets":"off","ocean_display_footer_bottom":"off","ocean_custom_footer_template":"0","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-493","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/perso.uclouvain.be\/corentin.claeys\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/493","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/perso.uclouvain.be\/corentin.claeys\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/perso.uclouvain.be\/corentin.claeys\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/perso.uclouvain.be\/corentin.claeys\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/perso.uclouvain.be\/corentin.claeys\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=493"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/perso.uclouvain.be\/corentin.claeys\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/493\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8850,"href":"https:\/\/perso.uclouvain.be\/corentin.claeys\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/493\/revisions\/8850"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/perso.uclouvain.be\/corentin.claeys\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/83"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/perso.uclouvain.be\/corentin.claeys\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=493"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}