Correspondence Volume 353, Number 9167     29 May 1999

Science, ethics, and future of research into maternal-infant transmission of HIV-1

 1 Perinatal HIV Intervention Research in Developing Countries Workshop Participants. Consensus statement: science, ethics, and the future of research into maternal infant transmission of HIV-1.  Lancet 1999; 353: 832­35. [PubMed]

 2 Wade NA, Birkhead GS, Waren BL, et al. Abbreviated regimens of zidovudine prophylaxis and perinatal transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus.  N Engl J Med 1998; 339: 1409­14. [PubMed]

 3 Dabis F, Msellati P, Meda N, et al. 6-month efficacy, tolerance and acceptability of a short regimen of oral zidovudine to reduce vertical transmission of HIV in breast fed children in Côte d'Ivoire and Burkina Faso: a double-blind placebo-controlled multicentre trial.  Lancet 1999; 353: 786­92. [PubMed]

 4 Lurie P, Wolfe SM. Unethical trials of interventions to reduce perinatal transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus in developing countries.  N Engl J Med  1997; 337: 853­56. [PubMed]

 5 Angell M. Ethical imperialism? Ethics in international collaborative clinical research.  N Engl J Med  1988; 319: 1081­83. [PubMed]

*Peter Lurie, Sidney M Wolfe

 1 Perinatal HIV Intervention Research in Developing Countries Workshop Participants. Consensus statement: science, ethics, and the future of research into maternal infant transmission of HIV-1.  Lancet 1999; 353: 832­35. [PubMed]

 2 Declaration of Helsinki, 48th World Medical Assembly, Somerset West, Republic of South Africa, October, 1996.

 3 World Medical Assocation. Proposed revision of the World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki (undated document).

 4 Guidance document on ethical considerations in international trials of HIV preventive vaccines (draft). Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS, November, 1998.

Bernard Foëx

 1 Lurie P, Wolfe S. Unethical trials of interventions to reduce perinatal transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus in developing countries.  N Engl J Med 1997; 337: 853­56. [PubMed]

 2 Editorial. The ethics industry. Lancet 1997; 350: 897.

 3 Perinatal HIV Intervention Research in Developing Countries Workshop Participants. Consensus statement: science, ethics, and the future of research into maternal infant transmission of HIV-1.  Lancet  1999; 353: 832­35. [PubMed]

 4 Editorial. Pragmatism in codes of research ethics. Lancet 1998; 351: 225.

 5 Gambia Government, Medical Research Council Joint Ethical Committee. Ethical issues facing medical research in developing countries. Lancet 1998; 351: 286.

Raul E Isturiz

 1 Perinatal HIV Intervention Research in Developing Countries Workshop Participants. Consensus statement: science, ethics and the future of research into maternal infant transmission of HIV-1.  Lancet  1999; 353: 832­35. [PubMed]

*Catherine M Wilfert, James W Curran

 1 Connor EM, Sperling RS, Gelber R, et al. Reduction of maternal infant transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type I with zidovudine treatment.  N Engl J Med 1994; 337: 1173­80. [PubMed]

 2 Saba J on behalf of PETRA Trial Study Team. Interim Analyses of Early Efficacy of Three Short (ZDV/3TC) combination regimens to prevent mother to child transmission of HIV-1. The PETRA Trial. Abstract 57. 6th Conference on retroviruses and OI. Jan 31­Feb 4, 1999.

 3 Wiktor SZ, Ekpini E, Karon JM, et al. Short course oral zidovudine for prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1 in Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire: a randomised trial. Lancet 1999; 353; 781­85.

 4 Dabis F, Msellati P, Meda N, et al for the Ditrame study group. 6-month efficacy, tolerance, and acceptability of a short regimen of oral zidovudine to reduce vertical transmission of HIV in breast fed children in Côte d'Ivoire and Burkina Faso: a double blind placebo-controlled multicentre trial.  Lancet 1999; 353: 786­92. [PubMed]

 5 Wade NA, Birkhead GS, Waren B, et al. Abbreviated regimens of Zidovudine Prophylaxis and perinatal transmission of the HIV.  N Engl J Med 1998; 339: 1409­14. [PubMed]

Dirceu B Greco

 1 Perinatal HIV Intervention Research in Developing Countries Workshop Participants. Consensus statement: science, ethics, and the future of research into maternal infant transmission of HIV-1.  Lancet 1999; 353: 832­35. [PubMed]

 2 Lurie P, Wolfe SM. Unethical trials of interventions to reduce perinatal transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus in developing countries.  N Engl J Med 1997; 337: 853­56. [PubMed]

 3 Angell M. The ethics of clinical research in the third world.  N Engl J Med 1997; 337: 847­49. [PubMed]

 4 Declaration of Helsinki IV, 41st World Medical Assembly, Hong Kong, Sept 9, 1989. In: Annas GJ, Grodin MA, eds. The Nazi doctors and the Nuremburg code: human rights in human experimentation. New York: Oxford University Press, 1992: 339­42.

 5 Council of International Organisations of Medical Sciences (CIOMS) in collaboration with the World Health Organization (WHO). International ethical guidelines for biomedical research involving human subjects. Geneva: CIOMS, 1993.

*Catherine M Wilfert, Mark Feinberg, James W Curran, Robert J Levine